Remote Desktop Protocols

There are various remote desktop protocols, as well as several clients and servers for each protocol.

VNC

VNC is the standard remote desktop solution for Linux, however it lacks some of the nice features like audio. tightvnc and tigervnc are two implementations of this protocol for Linux. There are countless other clients and servers for other platforms like MacOS, Android, Windows, even web (novnc).

SPICE

"The SPICE project aims to provide a complete open source solution for remote access to virtual machines in a seamless way so you can play videos, record audio, share usb devices and share folders without complications." (source) It is integrated into QEMU.

NX

This is NoMachine's Protocol, it was open source up to version 2. See X2Go for a maintained client/server. The NX protocol does not require nearly as much bandwidth compared to the other protocols.

RDP

This is the Windows Remote Desktop protocol, but there are implementations for it on Linux, like freerdp. Nice thing about RDP is existing Windows integration, as well as a full feature set.